From d315bc7ebf23cb2a31f4aaf14b1602620912d097 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Dylan R. E. Moonfire" Date: Sat, 6 Dec 2014 16:02:53 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] Adding more words while writing up the particles and formality. --- dictionary/fa/fapodi.markdown | 17 ++++ dictionary/fa/fasa.markdown | 12 +++ dictionary/fe/fechi.markdown | 11 +++ dictionary/kyo/kyoda.markdown | 23 +++++ dictionary/me/mekoshi.markdown | 11 +++ dictionary/pe/peji.markdown | 12 +++ dictionary/wa/wabi.markdown | 11 +++ dictionary/wa/wabipeji.markdown | 11 +++ grammar/formality.markdown | 63 ++++++++++++++ grammar/particles.markdown | 144 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 10 files changed, 315 insertions(+) create mode 100644 dictionary/fa/fapodi.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/fa/fasa.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/fe/fechi.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/kyo/kyoda.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/me/mekoshi.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/pe/peji.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/wa/wabi.markdown create mode 100644 dictionary/wa/wabipeji.markdown create mode 100644 grammar/formality.markdown create mode 100644 grammar/particles.markdown diff --git a/dictionary/fa/fapodi.markdown b/dictionary/fa/fapodi.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a261d25 --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/fa/fapodi.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +--- +title: fapodi +--- + +Verb +================================ + +fapòdi +---------------- + +1. To sprint or run at full speed. + +fapódi +---------------- + +1. To run over long distances. +2. Endurance running. diff --git a/dictionary/fa/fasa.markdown b/dictionary/fa/fasa.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65a748a --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/fa/fasa.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +--- +title: fasa +--- + +Adverb +================================ + +fasa +---------------- + +1. Fast, speedy. + diff --git a/dictionary/fe/fechi.markdown b/dictionary/fe/fechi.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a88b2a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/fe/fechi.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +title: fechi +--- + +Adjective +================================ + +fechi +---------------- + +1. Greater or superior in social rank. diff --git a/dictionary/kyo/kyoda.markdown b/dictionary/kyo/kyoda.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afddee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/kyo/kyoda.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +--- +title: kyoda +--- + +Verb +================================ + +kyòda +---------------- + +1. To charge a creature, such as into battle. +2. To sprint or race a creature while riding it. + +kyōda +---------------- + +1. To ride poorly or without skill. +2. To learn how to ride a creature. + +kyóda +---------------- + +1. To ride a creature over distances. diff --git a/dictionary/me/mekoshi.markdown b/dictionary/me/mekoshi.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0eedbca --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/me/mekoshi.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +title: mekoshi +--- + +Adverb +================================ + +mekoshi +---------------- + +1. To perform an action humbly or without pride. diff --git a/dictionary/pe/peji.markdown b/dictionary/pe/peji.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51e1bd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/pe/peji.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +--- +title: peji +--- + +Verb +================================ + +péji +---------------- + +1. To temporarily raise something. + diff --git a/dictionary/wa/wabi.markdown b/dictionary/wa/wabi.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..742e14e --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/wa/wabi.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +title: wabi +--- + +Noun +================================ + +wābi +---------------- + +1. The relative social rank between two people, such as a underling and their boss, a child to a clan elder, or a younger to an older person. diff --git a/dictionary/wa/wabipeji.markdown b/dictionary/wa/wabipeji.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f941c64 --- /dev/null +++ b/dictionary/wa/wabipeji.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +title: wabipeji +--- + +Verb +================================ + +wabipéji +---------------- + +1. To temporarily raise the subject's social rank for purposes of speaking. diff --git a/grammar/formality.markdown b/grammar/formality.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86ab1d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/grammar/formality.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +--- +title: Formality +--- + +In Miwāfu, there is a relatively complex system of formality while speaking and writing. Reverence and respect are both critical to the society and it is reflected in their speech. + +Modes +================================ + +There are four modes of formality in the language. For this discussion, the following terms will be used. + +1. Reverent: Speaking as a lesser to a superior. This includes children talking to their elders, underlings speaking to their bosses, or a weaker clan speaking to a greater one. +2. Polite: Speaking to an equal in formal terms or a superior speaking to an inferior. +3. Informal: Speaking informally. +4. Rude: Speaking with the intent to insult or demean. + +Verbosity +================================ + +When speaking reverently, in general, the language becomes more verbose and formalized. On the other hand, speaking rudely also includes verbosity while the other two modes (polite and informal) are typically more terse. + +Explicit Particles +================================ + +When speaking reverently, [particles](particles.markdown) are not excluded, including sentence and phrase order particles. + +Adverbs and Adjectives +================================ + +When speaking formally, frequently the speaker uses more adjectives and adverbs while describing their actions. So, while informally someone may say: + +``` +i pòdi +I walk. +``` + +When speaking formally, they may use: + +``` +oi mekoshi pòdi +I humbly walk. +``` + +The amount of additional words is dependent on the situation, but the greater the difference between the two perceived roles, the more words are used. This can greatly increase the time it takes to communicate something, which is why many superior listeners may give a brief release from the rules of formality. + +``` +oi wabipéji +[sentence] [verb] temporarily raise social rank +You can speak as an equal. +``` + +Even with this, it is not uncommon to still include one or two additional phrases in a sentence to acknowledge the difference, but it is a not-so-subtle request to "speed it up." + +"Great" +---------------- + +One of the most common additional phrases when reverntly speaking to a superior is the use of `fechi` which means great. This is always used with the full name of the person being spoken to with the clan name first. + +``` +oa fechi shimusogo desòchu +[sentence] [object] great Shimusògo Desòchu +Yes, Great Shimusogo Desòchu. +``` diff --git a/grammar/particles.markdown b/grammar/particles.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e2a41b --- /dev/null +++ b/grammar/particles.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +--- +title: Particles +--- + +Miwāfu sentences consist of one or more phrases, each one either explicitly identified by a phrase particle or uses an implicit order. In more [formal](formality.markdown) speech, the explicit phrases are used. + +Particles can be combined while writing them or spoken together. + +``` +oe dépa +o e dépa +the small bird +``` + +Phrase Particles +================================ + +A phrase in Miwāfu starts with a phrase participle which identifies the purpose of the phrase. The three basic particles are: + +* `a-`: Object phrase +* `e-`: Subject phrase +* `i-`: Verb phrase + +Each phrase is unaccented except for the penultimate word. The remaining words are treated as adjectives or adverbs as appropriate for the phrase. + +``` +i pòdi +[verb] walk +to walk +``` + +``` +i fasa pòdi +[verb] fast walk +to walk fast +``` + +Even when the modifying word is normally an accented name, such as a name or a person when using as a possessive, it is not written or spoken with an accent. In the below example, Shimusògo is a name of a clan in the desert. + +``` +e shimusogo dépa +[subject] shimusògo small-bird +Shimusògo's bird +``` + +Sentence Particles +================================ + +Like most languages in the east and north, Miwāfu sentences start with a sentence marker (`o-`) instead of ending with a full stop. This marker is prefixed in front of the phrase participle. + +``` +oi pòdi +[sentence] [verb] walk +I walk. +``` + +The phrase order is stylistic based on intent. + +``` +oi fapòdi e shimusogo dépa +[sentence] [verb] sprint [subject] shimusògo small-bird +Sprints, Shimusògo's bird does. +``` + +``` +oe shimusogo dépa i fapòdi +[sentence] [subject] shimusògo small-bird [verb] sprint +Shimusògo's bird sprints. +``` + +Without phrase particles, the implied order is subject, verb, object. + +``` +o shimusogo dépa fapòdi +[sentence] [implied subject] shimusògo small-bird [implied verb] sprint +Shimusògo's bird sprints. +``` + +Conjunction Particles +================================ + +There are additional modifiers to the phrase particles which alter their meaning within a sentence. The most common are the conjunction ones, also known as the set operation particles. + +* `-ko`: Indicates an additional phrase. +* `-mu`: Indicates an combination phrase, either/or where there must be at least one. +* `-mya`: As `-mu` but there can be neither of them. +* `-shi`: Indicates an exclusive or phrase. +* `-yo`: Is a negation phrase which applies to the preceeding phrases. + +When using these particles, the order of the phrases is taken into consideration. In the below case, the Shimusògo is a clan and Rutejìmo is one of the members of that clan (Shimusògo's Rutejìmo). + +``` +oe shimusògo i fapòdi eyo rutejìmo +[sentence] [subject] Shimusògo [verb] sprint [subject negate] Rutejìmo +All the Shimusògo sprint, except for Rutejìmo. +``` + +Gender Particles +================================ + +While Miwāfu typically includes the gender of the phrase as the penultimate accent, there are situations when the accent needs to be emphasized or conditions make it difficult for the accent to be discerned. In these situations, an additional gender marker is included as a participle. + +* `-shyoji`: Indicates that the phrase is masculine or would have ended with a grave accent. +* `-pyaji`: Indicates a neuter phrase. +* `-kyuji`: Indicates a feminine phrase. + +``` +ishyoji podi +[masculine verb] walk +to walk +``` + +Terminal Particles +================================ + +Typically when gender particles are used, a termination particle is used for the phrase. This the basic phrase prefixed with a `n-`. The amount of the phrase particle needed is based on situation but frequently includes the phrase particle. + +``` +ishyoji podi ni +ishyoji podi nishyoji +ishyoji podi nshyoji (uncommon) +[masculine verb] walk [end verb] +to walk +``` + +The termination phrase can also be used to indicate that the sentence is over and to invite another to speak or response. In many ways, this is used to invite a response or ask a question. + +``` +oi pòdi no +[sentence] [verb] walk [end sentence] +Walk? +``` + +Order of Particles +================================ + +While the order of particles is stylistic, there is typically an order they appear while written. + +1. Sentence particle +2. Termination particle +3. Phrase particle +4. Conjunction particles +5. Gender particles +6. Formality particles