diff --git a/dosagelib/helpers.py b/dosagelib/helpers.py
index 7d587cf17..d53e04cfb 100644
--- a/dosagelib/helpers.py
+++ b/dosagelib/helpers.py
@@ -62,9 +62,3 @@ def indirectStarter(self):
     data = self.getPage(url)
     newurl = self.fetchUrl(url, data, self.latestSearch)
     return self.link_modifier(url, newurl)
-
-
-def xpath_class(name):
-    """Returns an XPath expressions which finds a tag which has a specified
-    class."""
-    return 'contains(concat(" ", @class, " "), " %s ")' % name
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/b.py b/dosagelib/plugins/b.py
index 89cd80aa8..e71e4c08c 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/b.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/b.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..util import tagre
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi, _WPNaviIn, _WPWebcomic
 
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Baroquen(_BasicScraper):
 class Bearmageddon(_WordPressScraper):
     url = 'http://bearmageddon.com/bearmo/page-1/'
     firstStripUrl = url
-    latestSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('comic-nav-last')
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("comic-nav-last")]'
     starter = indirectStarter
 
 
@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ class BlankIt(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://blankitcomics.com/'
     firstStripUrl = url + 'comic/well-what-would-you-do'
     imageSearch = '//div[@id="comic"]//img'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('comic-nav-previous')
-    latestSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('comic-nav-last')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("comic-nav-previous")]'
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("comic-nav-last")]'
     starter = indirectStarter
 
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class BMovieComic(_BasicScraper):
 
 class BobWhite(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://www.bobwhitecomics.com/'
-    imageSearch = '//span[%s]/img' % xpath_class('webcomic-object')
+    imageSearch = '//span[d:class("webcomic-object")]/img'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="previous"]'
 
 
@@ -296,7 +296,6 @@ class ButImACatPerson(_WordPressScraper):
     endOfLife = True
 
 
-
 class ButtercupFestival(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://www.buttercupfestival.com/'
     stripUrl = url + '%s.htm'
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/clonemanga.py b/dosagelib/plugins/clonemanga.py
index 5cc342d3f..30a4482a6 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/clonemanga.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/clonemanga.py
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 # Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tristan Seligmann and Jonathan Jacobs
 # Copyright (C) 2012-2014 Bastian Kleineidam
-# Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Tobias Gruetzmacher
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tobias Gruetzmacher
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from ..scraper import _ParserScraper
 from ..util import getQueryParams
 
 
 class CloneManga(_ParserScraper):
     baseUrl = 'http://manga.clone-army.org'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//img' % xpath_class('subsectionContainer')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("subsectionContainer")]//img'
     prevSearch = '//a[span[text()="<<"]]'
     latestSearch = '//a[span[text()=">|"]]'
     starter = indirectStarter
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/comicfury.py b/dosagelib/plugins/comicfury.py
index 32afe3827..f7134a36f 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/comicfury.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/comicfury.py
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 import os
 
 from ..scraper import _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter
 
-XPATH_LINK = '//a[%s and contains(text(), "%s")]'
-XPATH_IMG = '//div[{}]//a[img[contains(@alt, "%s")]]'.format(xpath_class('comicnav'))
+XPATH_LINK = '//a[d:class("%s") and contains(text(), "%s")]'
+XPATH_IMG = '//div[d:class("comicnav")]//a[img[contains(@alt, "%s")]]'
 
 
 class ComicFury(_ParserScraper):
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ class ComicFury(_ParserScraper):
         # 137 (needs to be before the generic a@rel, because layout is wrong)
         '//a[contains(@title, "previous")]',
         '//a[@rel="prev"]',
-        XPATH_LINK % (xpath_class("comicnavlink"), "Previous"),
+        XPATH_LINK % ('comicnavlink', 'Previous'),
         XPATH_IMG % ('Previous'),
         # Art, ConsolersDLC, etc.
         u'//nav//a[contains(text(), "\u2039")]',
         # LatchkeyKingdom
-        '//a[%s and img[contains(@src, "Previous")]]' % xpath_class('navi'),
+        '//a[d:class("navi") and img[contains(@src, "Previous")]]',
         # RedSpot
         '//a[contains(text(), "Back")]',
         # KATRAN
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ class ComicFury(_ParserScraper):
         # 137 (see above)
         '//a[contains(@title, "next")]',
         '//a[@rel="next"]',
-        XPATH_LINK % (xpath_class("comicnavlink"), "Next"),
+        XPATH_LINK % ('comicnavlink', 'Next'),
         XPATH_IMG % ('Next'),
         # Art, ConsolersDLC, etc.
         u'//nav//a[contains(text(), "\u203A")]',
         # LatchkeyKingdom
-        '//a[%s and img[contains(@src, "Next")]]' % xpath_class('navi'),
+        '//a[d:class("navi") and img[contains(@src, "Next")]]',
         # RedSpot, KATRAN
         '//a[contains(text(), "Next")]',
     )
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/common.py b/dosagelib/plugins/common.py
index 37662eb63..f56063851 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/common.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/common.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tobias Gruetzmacher
 # Copyright (C) 2019-2020 Daniel Ring
 from ..scraper import _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
 
 # Common base classes for comics with the same structure (same hosting
 # software, for example) go here. Since those are shared by many modules,
@@ -14,24 +13,24 @@ from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
 
 class _WordPressScraper(_ParserScraper):
     imageSearch = '//div[@id="comic"]//img'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('comic-nav-previous')
-    nextSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('comic-nav-next')
-    latestSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('comic-nav-last')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("comic-nav-previous")]'
+    nextSearch = '//a[d:class("comic-nav-next")]'
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("comic-nav-last")]'
 
 
 class _WPNavi(_WordPressScraper):
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('navi-prev')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("navi-prev")]'
 
 
 class _WPNaviIn(_WordPressScraper):
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('navi-prev-in')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("navi-prev-in")]'
 
 
 class _WPWebcomic(_WordPressScraper):
-    imageSearch = '//div[{}]//img'.format(xpath_class('webcomic-image'))
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('previous-webcomic-link'))
-    nextSearch = '///a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('next-webcomic-link'))
-    latestSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('last-webcomic-link'))
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("webcomic-image")]//img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("previous-webcomic-link")]'
+    nextSearch = '///a[d:class("next-webcomic-link")]'
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("last-webcomic-link")]'
 
 
 class _ComicControlScraper(_ParserScraper):
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/d.py b/dosagelib/plugins/d.py
index 07429f3ae..05273a324 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/d.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/d.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, bounceStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter, bounceStarter
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNaviIn, _WPWebcomic
 
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ class Dilbert(_ParserScraper):
     stripUrl = url + 'strip/%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1989-04-16'
     starter = indirectStarter
-    prevSearch = '//div[%s]/a' % xpath_class('nav-left')
-    imageSearch = '//img[%s]' % xpath_class('img-comic')
+    prevSearch = '//div[d:class("nav-left")]/a'
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("img-comic")]'
     latestSearch = '//a[@class="img-comic-link"]'
     help = 'Index format: yyyy-mm-dd'
 
@@ -260,14 +260,14 @@ class DominicDeegan(_ParserScraper):
 class DorkTower(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://www.dorktower.com/'
     firstStripUrl = url + '1997/01/01/shadis-magazine-strip-1/'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//a/img' % xpath_class('entry-content')
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s][text()="Previous"]' % xpath_class('btn')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("entry-content")]//a/img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("btn")][text()="Previous"]'
 
 
 class DoomsdayMyDear(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://doomsdaymydear.com/'
-    imageSearch = '//img[{}]'.format(xpath_class('attachment-full'))
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('previous-webcomic-link'))
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("attachment-full")]'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("previous-webcomic-link")]'
 
 
 class Draconia(_WPWebcomic):
@@ -307,10 +307,9 @@ class DresdenCodak(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://dresdencodak.com/'
     startUrl = url + 'cat/comic/'
     firstStripUrl = url + '2007/02/08/pom/'
-    imageSearch = '//section[%s]//img[%s]' % (
-        xpath_class('entry-content'), xpath_class('aligncenter'))
+    imageSearch = '//section[d:class("entry-content")]//img[d:class("aligncenter")]'
     prevSearch = '//a[img[contains(@src, "prev")]]'
-    latestSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('tc-grid-bg-link')
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("tc-grid-bg-link")]'
     starter = indirectStarter
 
     # Blog and comic are mixed...
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/e.py b/dosagelib/plugins/e.py
index 75984320f..c84970699 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/e.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/e.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import os
 from re import compile, IGNORECASE
 
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter, indirectStarter
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class EatLiver(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://www.eatliver.com/'
     starter = indirectStarter
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//img' % xpath_class('post-content')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("post-content")]//img'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
     latestSearch = '//a[@rel="bookmark"]'
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class Everblue(_ParserScraper):
 class EverybodyLovesEricRaymond(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://geekz.co.uk/lovesraymond/'
     firstStripUrl = url + 'archive/slashdotted'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//img' % xpath_class('entry-content')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("entry-content")]//img'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
 
 
@@ -255,6 +255,6 @@ class ExtraOrdinary(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'https://www.exocomics.com/'
     stripUrl = url + '%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '01'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('prev')
-    imageSearch = '//img[%s]' % xpath_class('image-style-main-comic')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("prev")]'
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("image-style-main-comic")]'
     help = 'Index format: number'
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/f.py b/dosagelib/plugins/f.py
index d07e87974..57cda2b0a 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/f.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/f.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..util import tagre
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, joinPathPartsNamer, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter, joinPathPartsNamer
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WPNaviIn, _WordPressScraper
 
 
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ class FirstWorldProblems(_ParserScraper):
         'http://bradcolbow.com/archive/C5/')
     stripUrl = url + '%s/'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % 'P10'
-    imageSearch = '//div[{}]//img'.format(xpath_class('entry'))
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('prev'))
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("entry")]//img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("prev")]'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
     endOfLife = True
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class Flemcomics(_ParserScraper):
         'http://www.flemcomics.com/')
     stripUrl = url + 'd/%s.html'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '19980101'
-    imageSearch = '//img[{}]'.format(xpath_class('ksc'))
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("ksc")]'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
     endOfLife = True
     help = 'Index format: yyyymmdd'
@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ class FredoAndPidjin(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'https://www.pidjin.net/'
     stripUrl = url + '%s/'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '2006/02/19/goofy-monday'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//img' % xpath_class("episode")
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("episode")]//img'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
-    prevSearch = '//span[%s]/a' % xpath_class("prev")
-    latestSearch = '//section[%s]//a' % xpath_class("latest")
+    prevSearch = '//span[d:class("prev")]/a'
+    latestSearch = '//section[d:class("latest")]//a'
     starter = indirectStarter
     namer = joinPathPartsNamer((0, 1, 2))
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/gocomics.py b/dosagelib/plugins/gocomics.py
index d51d0be54..f013c4421 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/gocomics.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/gocomics.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2012-2014 Bastian Kleineidam
 # Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tobias Gruetzmacher
 from ..scraper import _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 
 
 class GoComics(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'https://www.gocomics.com/'
-    imageSearch = '//picture[{}]/img'.format(xpath_class('item-comic-image'))
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('js-previous-comic'))
-    latestSearch = '//div[{}]//a'.format(xpath_class('gc-deck--cta-0'))
+    imageSearch = '//picture[d:class("item-comic-image")]/img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("js-previous-comic")]'
+    latestSearch = '//div[d:class("gc-deck--cta-0")]//a'
     starter = indirectStarter
     help = 'Index format: yyyy/mm/dd'
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/j.py b/dosagelib/plugins/j.py
index 5689be77a..c5bf06f67 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/j.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/j.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper
 from ..util import tagre
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper
 
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class JoeAndMonkey(_BasicScraper):
 
 
 class JohnnyWander(_ComicControlScraper):
-    imageSearch = ('//ul[%s]/li/@data-src' % xpath_class('cc-showbig'),
+    imageSearch = ('//ul[d:class("cc-showbig")]/li/@data-src',
                    _ComicControlScraper.imageSearch)
     url = 'http://www.johnnywander.com/'
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/m.py b/dosagelib/plugins/m.py
index 5ca724ce1..5f530c59a 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/m.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/m.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import json
 from re import compile, escape, IGNORECASE
 
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPWebcomic
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class MarriedToTheSea(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://marriedtothesea.com/'
     stripUrl = url + '%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '022806'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//p/img' % xpath_class('jumbotron')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("jumbotron")]//p/img'
     prevSearch = '//a[contains(text(), "Yesterday")]'
     help = 'Index format: mmddyy'
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/n.py b/dosagelib/plugins/n.py
index 677a7fdc9..7c86ca0df 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/n.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/n.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi, _WPWebcomic
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Nimona(_ParserScraper):
         'http://gingerhaze.com/nimona/')
     stripUrl = url + 'comic/%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % "page-1"
-    imageSearch = '//div[{}]//img'.format(xpath_class('field-name-field-comic-page'))
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("field-name-field-comic-page")]//img'
     prevSearch = '//a[img[contains(@src, "/comicdrop_prev_label")]]'
     endOfLife = True
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/p.py b/dosagelib/plugins/p.py
index 89b2ae63c..d9f62c62a 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/p.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/p.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, queryNamer, indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter, queryNamer, indirectStarter
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi
 
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ class PennyArcade(_ParserScraper):
     stripUrl = url + '%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1998/11/18'
     imageSearch = '//div[@id="comicFrame"]//img'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('btnPrev')
-    nextSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('btnNext')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("btnPrev")]'
+    nextSearch = '//a[d:class("btnNext")]'
     starter = bounceStarter
     help = 'Index format: yyyy/mm/dd'
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class PokeyThePenguin(_ParserScraper):
 class PoorlyDrawnLines(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://poorlydrawnlines.com/comic/'
     firstStripUrl = url + 'campus-characters/'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]//img' % xpath_class('comic')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("comic")]//img'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
 
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class PrinceOfSartar(_WPNavi):
     url = 'http://www.princeofsartar.com/'
     stripUrl = url + 'comic/%s/'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % 'introduction-chapter-1'
-    nextSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('navi-next')
+    nextSearch = '//a[d:class("navi-next")]'
     starter = bounceStarter
     help = 'Index format: name'
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/q.py b/dosagelib/plugins/q.py
index 4eed75a29..9e553e463 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/q.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/q.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tobias Gruetzmacher
 # Copyright (C) 2019-2020 Daniel Ring
 from ..scraper import _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import xpath_class
 
 
 class QuantumVibe(_ParserScraper):
@@ -28,6 +27,6 @@ class Qwantz(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://www.qwantz.com/index.php'
     stripUrl = url + '?comic=%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1'
-    imageSearch = '//img[{}]'.format(xpath_class('comic'))
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("comic")]'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
     help = 'Index format: n'
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/r.py b/dosagelib/plugins/r.py
index 4b1bfb6f0..e74830e4f 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/r.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/r.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from re import compile
 from urllib.parse import urljoin
 
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _WordPressScraper, _WPWebcomic
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class RomanticallyApocalyptic(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://romanticallyapocalyptic.com/'
     stripUrl = url + '%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '0'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]/center//img' % xpath_class('comicpanel')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("comicpanel")]/center//img'
     prevSearch = '//a[@accesskey="p"]'
     help = 'Index format: n'
     adult = True
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/s.py b/dosagelib/plugins/s.py
index 485881b82..fc4984c3f 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/s.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/s.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from re import compile, escape, IGNORECASE, sub
 from os.path import splitext
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, bounceStarter, joinPathPartsNamer, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter, bounceStarter, joinPathPartsNamer
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi, _WPNaviIn, _WPWebcomic
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class SchoolBites(_ParserScraper):
     url = ('https://web.archive.org/web/20170215065523/'
         'http://schoolbites.net/')
     stripUrl = url + 'd/%s.html'
-    imageSearch = '//img[{}]'.format(xpath_class('ksc'))
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("ksc")]'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
     endOfLife = True
     help = 'Index format: yyyymmdd'
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class Schuelert(_ParserScraper):
     stripUrl = url + 'index.php?paged=%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '3'
     imageSearch = '//img[contains(@src, "wp-content")]'
-    prevSearch = '//span[{}]/a'.format(xpath_class('prevlink'))
+    prevSearch = '//span[d:class("prevlink")]/a'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
     endOfLife = True
     lang = 'de'
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class Science(_ParserScraper):
         'http://sci-ence.org/%s/')
     url = stripUrl % 'new-york-comic-con-2013'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % 'periodic-table-element-ass'
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('navi-prev'))
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("navi-prev")]'
     imageSearch = '//div[@class="comicpane"]//img'
     endOfLife = True
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class SequentialArt(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'https://www.collectedcurios.com/sequentialart.php'
     stripUrl = url + '?s=%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1'
-    imageSearch = '//img[{}]'.format(xpath_class('w3-image'))
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("w3-image")]'
     prevSearch = '//a[@id="backOne"]'
     help = 'Index format: name'
 
@@ -286,9 +286,9 @@ class SluggyFreelance(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://sluggy.com/'
     stripUrl = 'http://archives.sluggy.com/book.php?chapter=%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]/img/@data-src' % xpath_class('comic_content')
-    prevSearch = '//div[%s]/a' % xpath_class('previous')
-    latestSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('archives_link')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("comic_content")]/img/@data-src'
+    prevSearch = '//div[d:class("previous")]/a'
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("archives_link")]'
     starter = indirectStarter
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
     help = 'Index format: chapter'
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class SpaceJunkArlia(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://spacejunkarlia.com/'
     stripUrl = url + '?strip_id=%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '0'
-    imageSearch = '//div[%s]/img' % xpath_class('content')
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("content")]/img'
     prevSearch = '//a[text()="<"]'
     help = 'Index format: number'
 
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class SpaceJunkArlia(_ParserScraper):
 class SpaceTrawler(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'https://www.baldwinpage.com/spacetrawler/'
     firstStripUrl = url + '2010/01/01/spacetrawler-4/'
-    imageSearch = '//img[%s]' % xpath_class('size-full')
+    imageSearch = '//img[d:class("size-full")]'
     prevSearch = '//a[@rel="prev"]'
 
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/smackjeeves.py b/dosagelib/plugins/smackjeeves.py
index 814160295..a490c5e5c 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/smackjeeves.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/smackjeeves.py
@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019-2020 Daniel Ring
 import re
 
-from ..helpers import xpath_class
 from ..scraper import _ParserScraper
 
 
 class SmackJeeves(_ParserScraper):
     baseUrl = 'https://www.smackjeeves.com/discover/'
     apiBase = 'https://www.smackjeeves.com/api/discover/'
-    prevSearch = '//a[i[{}]]'.format(xpath_class('i-arrow-double-left-black'))
+    prevSearch = '//a[i[d:class("i-arrow-double-left-black")]]'
     imageSearch = re.compile("comicData:[^']*'([^']*)'", re.DOTALL)
     help = 'Index format: n'
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/t.py b/dosagelib/plugins/t.py
index 887d5562a..96a8d1417 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/t.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/t.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ except ImportError:
     from cached_property import cached_property
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi, _WPNaviIn, _WPWebcomic
 
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ class TheBrads(_ParserScraper):
         'http://bradcolbow.com/archive/C4/')
     stripUrl = url + '%s/'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % 'P125'
-    imageSearch = '//div[{}]//img'.format(xpath_class('entry'))
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('prev'))
+    imageSearch = '//div[d:class("entry")]//img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("prev")]'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
     endOfLife = True
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class TheLandscaper(_ParserScraper):
         'http://landscaper.visual-assault.net/comic/%s')
     url = stripUrl % 'latest'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1'
-    imageSearch = '//article[{}]//img[1]'.format(xpath_class('comic'))
+    imageSearch = '//article[d:class("comic")]//img[1]'
     prevSearch = '//a[contains(text(), "Previous")]'
     endOfLife = True
 
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ class TumbleDryComics(_WordPressScraper):
 class Turnoff(_ParserScraper):
     name = 'turnoff'
     url = 'https://turnoff.us/'
-    imageSearch = '//article[%s]//img' % xpath_class('post-content')
-    prevSearch = '//div[%s]//a' % xpath_class('prev')
+    imageSearch = '//article[d:class("post-content")]//img'
+    prevSearch = '//div[d:class("prev")]//a'
     stripUrl = url + 'geek/%s'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % 'tcp-buddies'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
@@ -341,8 +341,8 @@ class Twokinds(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://twokinds.keenspot.com/'
     stripUrl = url + 'comic/%s/'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % '1'
-    imageSearch = '//article[%s]//img' % xpath_class('comic')
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('navprev')
+    imageSearch = '//article[d:class("comic")]//img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("navprev")]'
     help = 'Index format: n (unpadded)'
 
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/u.py b/dosagelib/plugins/u.py
index d0a5b8ad3..0ef199e12 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/u.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/u.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from re import compile
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import indirectStarter
 from ..util import tagre
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WordPressScraper, _WPNavi
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class Unsounded(_ParserScraper):
     stripUrl = url + 'comic/ch%s/ch%s_%s.html'
     firstStripUrl = stripUrl % ('01', '01', '01')
     imageSearch = '//img[contains(@src, "pageart/")]'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('back')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("back")]'
     latestSearch = '//div[@id="chapter_box"][1]//a[last()]'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
     starter = indirectStarter
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/v.py b/dosagelib/plugins/v.py
index c83fddc73..7fb909d73 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/v.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/v.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from re import compile
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter, indirectStarter
 from ..util import tagre
 
 
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ class VictimsOfTheSystem(_BasicScraper):
 class ViiviJaWagner(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://www.hs.fi/viivijawagner/'
     imageSearch = '//meta[@property="og:image"]/@content'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('prev')
-    latestSearch = '//div[%s]//a' % xpath_class('cartoon-content')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("prev")]'
+    latestSearch = '//div[d:class("cartoon-content")]//a'
     starter = indirectStarter
     lang = 'fi'
 
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/w.py b/dosagelib/plugins/w.py
index 59e0ea29b..33c949791 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/w.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/w.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from re import compile, escape, IGNORECASE
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
 from ..util import tagre
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, indirectStarter, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter, indirectStarter
 from .common import _ComicControlScraper, _WPNavi, _WPNaviIn, _WPWebcomic
 
 
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class WastedTalent(_BasicScraper):
 
 class WebcomicName(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'https://webcomicname.com/'
-    imageSearch = '//figure[{}]//img'.format(xpath_class('tmblr-full'))
-    prevSearch = '//a[{}]'.format(xpath_class('next'))
+    imageSearch = '//figure[d:class("tmblr-full")]//img'
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("next")]'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
 
 
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ class WebDesignerCOTW(_ParserScraper):
     url = baseUrl + 'category/comics/'
     starter = indirectStarter
     firstStripUrl = baseUrl + '2009/11/comics-of-the-week-1/'
-    imageSearch = '//article[%s]//img' % xpath_class('article-content')
+    imageSearch = '//article[d:class("article-content")]//img'
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
-    prevSearch = '//a[span[%s]]' % xpath_class('icon-right-small')
-    latestSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('anim-link')
+    prevSearch = '//a[span[d:class("icon-right-small")]]'
+    latestSearch = '//a[d:class("anim-link")]'
 
     def shouldSkipUrl(self, url, data):
         """Skip non-comic URLs."""
diff --git a/dosagelib/plugins/z.py b/dosagelib/plugins/z.py
index 456c73e7a..2cd2583f1 100644
--- a/dosagelib/plugins/z.py
+++ b/dosagelib/plugins/z.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 # Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tristan Seligmann and Jonathan Jacobs
 # Copyright (C) 2012-2014 Bastian Kleineidam
-# Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Tobias Gruetzmacher
+# Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Tobias Gruetzmacher
 from re import compile, escape
 
 from ..scraper import _BasicScraper, _ParserScraper
 from ..util import tagre
-from ..helpers import bounceStarter, joinPathPartsNamer, xpath_class
+from ..helpers import bounceStarter, joinPathPartsNamer
 from .common import _WPNavi
 
 
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class Zapiro(_ParserScraper):
     url = 'http://mg.co.za/zapiro/'
     starter = bounceStarter
     imageSearch = '//div[@id="cartoon"]/img'
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('left')
-    nextSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('right')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("left")]'
+    nextSearch = '//a[d:class("right")]'
     namer = joinPathPartsNamer((-1,), ())
 
 
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ class ZenPencils(_WPNavi):
     multipleImagesPerStrip = True
     firstStripUrl = url + 'comic/1-ralph-waldo-emerson-make-them-cry/'
     starter = bounceStarter
-    prevSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('navi-prev')
-    nextSearch = '//a[%s]' % xpath_class('navi-next')
+    prevSearch = '//a[d:class("navi-prev")]'
+    nextSearch = '//a[d:class("navi-next")]'
 
 
 class ZombieHunters(_BasicScraper):